Public Health At The Asmara College Of Health Sciences

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 1. 2. My first true introduction to public health came in a lecture delivered in a colleagues’ seminar in the Asmara College of Health Sciences. When the speaker talked about how preventive public health programs could easily alleviate preventable diseases, it reminded me of the death of Adhanom and how basic public health programs could have easily saved his and others’ lives. This one-time lecture provided me with a basic knowledge but also opened my curiosity to know more about public health. This subsequently led to my decision to pursue international health which opened up the world of public health and immensely broadened my understanding of the fundamentals of public health, creating a desire to know more. 3. Having learned so much through the courses offered in the MSc. program in Germany, I became more and more fascinated by the science of public health. I was impressed by its evidence driven, multidisciplinary approach and the variety and scope of sub-disciplines, along with its options for growth. I found public health to be an enthralling field of study which perfectly fits with my previous training in sociology and career ambitions. I have always dreamt of a career that focuses on improving the health of people through preventive programs and community participation to bring enduring solutions. My growing interest in public health led me to resign from the rural sociology program in Auburn University. However, the reason for resignationShow MoreRelatedOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT8173 Words   |  33 Pages LEADSTAR COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT (TMA) FOR OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT WEIGHT: 50% STUDENT NAME Abreham Kelile Kaba ID LMBA0013/2014 BACTH 1ST Part I: Multiple Choice Questions (1 point each) Choose the best answer from the following Questions _C__Q1.One advantage of Just-in-Time (JIT) Management of stock is _____a. It reduces the need to plan and organize _____ b. it removes the need for delivery Quality Control _____ c. it reduces the cost of holding

There are numerous numbers of novels and books that offer...

There are numerous numbers of novels and books that offer different portrayals of the female gender and femininity in the early nineteenth century, each novel shedding a different light on women, their gender role, and the definition of femininity during this time period. The first thought that pops into most people’s minds is Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman or any Jane Austen novel. People do not typically think of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Nonetheless Frankenstein offers us the reader an extremely well portrayal of the female gender in the early nineteenth century while also providing us with the cautionary tell on why no man should ever attempt to play God for the reason that only God can play God. In this†¦show more content†¦In more common terms femininity is to be passive, eager to please, male dependent, and unenlightened. However the characteristic of femininity and being a women most stressed is that women and femin inity are own by men and masculinity, in short all women belong to men. While reading her daughter, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein it can be argued that she used Wollstonecraft’s definition of femininity to create characters such as Elizabeth Lavenza, Justine Moritz, and Caroline Frankenstein. Each of these female characters displays more than one of the characteristics of femininity. One character that displays all of the characteristics is Elizabeth Lavenza. Elizabeth is the only female character to appear in all three volumes of the novel. She is also the cousin, and wife to Frankenstein’s main character Victor. She embodies every characteristic of femininity and the female gender described by Wollstonecraft. This description of Elizabeth is â€Å"She was docile and good tempered, yet gay and playful as a summer insect.†. (Shelley, Pg. 20) That was Victor’s description of Elizabeth when they were children; she remains that way throughout the entirety of the novel. That quotation easily supports Wollstonecraft’s argument that women are taught from infancy that they are to remain docile. The description describes Elizabeth as beingShow MoreRelatedArchetypes in Frankenstien and the Birthmark2001 Words   |  9 PagesThe novel Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelly in 1818, since then the story has become a classic archetype. The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne, follows this archetype. Although The Birthmark and Frankenstein are not identical both stories have similar archetypal characters and share similar themes of abused power and redemption. The Frankenstein archetype requires three types of characters: a obsessive, mad scientist, a pure kind feminine presents and a monster, both sympathetic and ruthlessRead MoreFrankenstien vs Dr.Jekly and Mr. Hyde1495 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tell cautionary tales of scientists abusing their creative powers to exist in another sphere where they cannot be directly blamed for their actions. Though Frankensteins creation is a Creature distinct from his creator while Dr. Jekyll metamorphoses into Mr. Hyde, the double of each protagonist progressively grows more violent throughout his story. By doing so he symbolizes his creators repressed desires inRead MoreVictor Frankensteins Anchor in Frankenstien by Mary Shelley538 Words   |  2 PagesAn anchor can be referred to as an object that holds a ship in place or an idea that a person clings to for personal stability. In this case, the figurative sense of an an chor can be used to describe the importance of relationships in Victor Frankenstein’s life. Throughout the novel, the status of Victor’s relationships decides his state of mind and the decisions he makes, as seen when he goes off to university, comes back home, and when his loved ones die. In the beginning of the novel, VictorRead MoreIsolation in Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstien Essays924 Words   |  4 PagesHuman are the most social animals in the world. When becoming isolated, it a signal that emotions have been turned amongst ourselves. If not already there, it is normal to feel depressed, lonely, alone. In Mary Shelleys gothic novel, both the monster and Frankenstein are isolated. Frankenstein will not tell anyone about his creation because he has no one to pour his emotions out to. This causes the loss of his family, friends,and lover. Until the end, he tells his experience to the force but wasRead MoreEssay about Frankenstien All Behavior Is L616 Words   |  3 Pages The monsteramp;#8217;s behavior was directly related to, his experiences with society and its treatment of him. All behavior is learned, therefore if the monster was to be good or evil depended on societies reaction to him. Even though the monster had a fully matured body, he was like a child because he had no memories or experiences of his own. When the monster was given life he had no concept of good or evil. Everything that he did or experienced was something new to him. All of the monsteramp;#8217;sRead MoreIdentity in Frankenstien , Beowulf, and Sir Gawin and the Green Knight1155 Words   |  5 PagesSome battles are more important than other’s like the one the character endures eternally. British literature as a whole pertains a lot of literary elements. But within these stories the most prominent is identity. A soul searching journey for one’s identity can begin at any stage of one’s life. The universal, time-transcendent idea of identity within British Literature attests to the human need for self knowledge, as it can be seen in the novels in Frankenstein, Beowulf, and Sir Gawain and theRead More Human Nature in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay920 Words   |  4 Pageshis watery eyes†¦ Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room, and continued a long time traversing my bed chamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep. ( 56) The above quote portrays the few moments after Frankenstien had given life to his creature. He had spent a few years working on this project. It can be compaired to a person giving birth to a child. By nature he wanted his creation to be beautiful. When he realizes that his creature is not a beautifulRead More Essay on Obsession in Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde901 Words   |  4 PagesThe strange thing about obsession is the absolute inability of the person, once obsessed, to understand their own actions in retrospect. Both Victor Frankenstien, of Marry Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Henry Jekyll, of Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde fit the criteria of one who is obsessed. With Victor Frankenstien, obsession came in the form of a lust for fame. Victor’s own word reflect his inability to understand or control his own actions.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1365 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious backgrounds and thought that only â€Å"God† must be the creator of man, and humans must not try to emulate him. They often viewed science as a threat to their religion and society. However, Frankenstien wanted to learn how to create a new life since â€Å"It was the secrets of heaven and earth that [Frankenstien] desired to learn†¦ [his] inquiries were directed to†¦the physical secrets of the world.† The creature calls Frankenstein natural lord and my creator which are both religious language referringRead MoreChristiaan Neethling Barnard: Pioneer in Cardiothoracic Surgery597 Words   |  3 PagesHe took chances and performed surgical feats that most people felt were impossible. Barnard performed the hart transplant when no one else dared. Most were not ready for such innovations. The world thought human transplants were just tales of Frankenstien for movie entertainment. Barnards surgical career was cut short due to severe Rheumatoid Arthritis. His dedication and talent, unwavering. He remained a surgical consultant and wrote books for the remainder of his life. He died on vacation

Bronfenbrenner’s Analysis Free Essays

This paper analyzes and evaluates how Bronfenbrenner’s levels influenced my decision to attend graduate school and how they may impact career goals within my area of specialization. Bronfenbrenner develops a multi-level hierarchy of influences from the closest and most personal to the most abstract and societal. The purpose of my paper is to discuss, analyze, and evaluate Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory in relation to human development In the early 1970s’ Urie Bronfenbrenner developed an ecological theory of human development. We will write a custom essay sample on Bronfenbrenner’s Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bronfenbrenner’s book, â€Å"The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design† (Bronfenbrenner, 1997) discusses in depth the ecological systems levels as the micro-meso-exo-macro- and the fifth system, the chrono-system layer. Bronfenbrenner summarized his theory utilizing concentric spheres in where the child begins his or her development in the center of the spheres. Comparing each sphere â€Å"†¦as a set of nested structures, each inside the next, like a set of Russian dolls† (Bronfenbrenner,1979. p. 3). Researchers found that a key factor in parent’s effectiveness was engaging in the child’s activities and environment. Darling (2007), asserts that â€Å"parental monitoring† of their children’s activities decreased the levels of behavioral problems and lead to â€Å"higher levels of adult approved activities† (Darling, 2007). Therefore, competence among children will â€Å"†¦depend on the quality of their environment† (Bronfenbrenner, 1999). Children from negative, deprived, disorganized backgrounds display more frequent and severe dysfunctional behavior in order to gain parental attention. On the other hand, parents providing attentive, stable and positive environments provide gratifying and positive reinforcement in aid of the children’s growth. Bronfenbrenner, 1999). Bronfenbrenner posited that â€Å"†¦the greatest effect on positive outcomes in environments with the greatest resources and for an individual who had the greatest ability to take advantage of those resources† (Darling, 2007). Microsystem Bronfenbrenner described his models as the m icro-system layer originating in the center of the sphere, involving the child’s interactions and activities within the context of family, school, daycare, and school, peer groups and how these interactions shape his or her development in a particular setting. A setting is where the child engages in â€Å"†¦particular activities in particular roles for particular times† (Bronfenbrenner,1979). For example, Bronfenbrenner observed parents emphasizing the importance of socially acceptable behaviors, exposed their child to positive activities, became involved in their child’s school, friends, thus producing children that were secure in new learning experiences. Mesosystem The mesosystem layer relates to the people in a child’s microsystem. It consists of the interactions between two or more settings which involve the developing child. For example, child’s parents and teachers may be interacting in discussions about the child’s progress. Bronfenbrenner found when parents take an active interest in the child’s early academic progress, that child has a greater chance of success upon entering high school (Oswalt, 2008). Exosystem The exosystem is comprised of the involvement and progression that takes place between the dyad setting, but it â€Å"†¦does not contain the developing child† (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). They are occurrences â€Å"that indirectly influence processes within the immediate setting in which the developing child lives† (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). For example, the child’s parents’ moving to a different state will directly affect the child’s interconnections with neighborhood friends and teachers. As an example, the child ‘knows’ he has lost his best friend, and may never find another. Thus, the child may meet this change with fear or dissatisfaction (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The exosystem level includes the positive and negative structures found in the national government, cultural values, the economy, other macro influences. For example, Anglo-Saxon societies stress individual accomplishments, whereas Asian societies stress consensus and conformity. Cronosystem The chronosystem is the outermost shell that Bronfenbrenner displays. This is a temporal continuum that encompasses a person’s life experiences throughout their lives. A major example of the operation of this continuum is the impact of a parental death and the resulting behavioral change in the developing individual. The micro, meso, exo, and macro levels all impacted my individual development and career goals in obtaining a master’s degree in Human Services with a specialization in Social and Community Services. In the micro level, my earliest experiences were affected by the negative parental influences. As a child, I can remember my brothers and I were mainly spoken to when we did something wrong. In turn, these negative experiences affected my academic performance in school as well as my behavior. In the mesosystem, the only times my parents became involved in school were when they were called by the school principal to discuss my inappropriate behavior and my inattentiveness in learning. In the first grade, I was held back from entering the second grade because I could not speak English well or even Spanish. Again, this was a result of not having positive learning experience during childhood. It was not until the sixth grade that my principal decided I might succeed if I skipped the seventh grade to the eighth grade. That’s when my negative experiences turn to be positive and enlightening. I flourished that year and received a small scholarship to attend a school for girls. There I also flourished and began to have teachers and friends that were positive role-models. An example in the exosystem, I had a young brother with Down’s syndrome who at the age of 3 left our home to live in a state mental hospital. I was 13 years when my mother received a phone call from the hospital stating my brother had died from choking on some food. From that day on, my mother became distant and suffered from alcoholism. This experience saddened me greatly, but I was fortunate to have the support of my older sister, and wonderful teachers and friends that kept me succeeding in school. This success continued through college. However, when I was 16 years old, my mother was diagnosed with depression. Though I appeared happy with my school experience on the outside, inside, I felt depressed and longed for my mother’s love. All during this time, my father was physically present, but emotional absent due to the traumatic experiences at home. In the macro system, I grew up in a Hispanic culture, though my parents emigrated from Mexico to the US, my mother’s alien status became problematic as she could not speak English and inevitably could not take the test to become an American citizen. As a result, my mother felt she was a failure to herself and to my father who became a citizen at age 18. At the age of 47 years, I was able to complete my education at a women’s college. It was finally there I was fortunate to pursue my love of art. Upon graduation, I also found a new love of being of service to other’s less fortunate. I found that I obtained jobs not completely fulfilling, and when thinking upon this, I realized I could improve the possibility of reaching that fulfillment through graduate school to obtain an advanced degree in order to better serve the people I will work with. In conclusion, I don’t regret my experiences during my childhood. I learned a great deal about how one can attribute their success to resiliency. No matter how dismal matters were, there was always someone or something over the rainbow. I had a wonderful caring and nurturing older sister who loved me unconditionally. I had teachers who believed I was a worthwhile, intelligent and loving human being. With this nurturing, I was finally able to climb over the wall; only to look back at my stumbling blocks as experiences one takes to traverse their journey. How to cite Bronfenbrenner’s Analysis, Papers

Leadership is Essential to the DevelopmentEthical Decision Making

Question: Is leadership Essential to the Development of Ethical Decision making in Modern Organisations? Answer: Introduction The role of a leader is to guide their subordinates not only in terms of acquiring the business knowledge but also help them to develop their knowledge and skills both for professionally and personally. However, leader follow four basic decision-making styles- commanding style, collaborative styles, consensus decision making style and convenience style (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Apart from the decision making, an effective leader also pays a crucial role as a communicator, strategic thinker, team-builder and image builder for an organization. However, Thiel et al. (2012) argues that ethical thinking of a person allows them to work ethically in every aspect of their work and these people have the potential to be an ethical leader. In this assessment the role of leadership in developing ethical decision making in contemporary organizations will be illustrated. Discussion Ford and Richardson (2013) portrays that in terms of accomplishing programs, policies and decisions for the business in a standard and correct way, formulation of code of ethics is necessary. It is the liability of the leader to develop an ethical organizational culture. Some ethical aspects in a workplace are- leadership ethics, employee ethics and ethical organizational culture. Kuntz et al. (2013) stated that all these aspects have to be considered in an organization by a leader. However, these aspects depend on the characteristics of the leaders. Cianci et al. (2014) depicts that an ethical leader make ethics as a first priority of their agendas and they set standard and hold every subordinate accountable for following those standards. In addition to that, Ford and Richardson (2013) affirms by stating that these leaders work ethically and do hard work through recruiting, training, and performance management systems by following all the code of ethics so that efficient and ethical people can be selected, who can follow their business objectives. Craft (2013) on the other hand argues that having top-level managers and supervisory level managing authorities in the contemporary organization have a positive impact for flourishing the lower-level ethical leaders; however, the major problems is in the attitude of the mid-level managers as these people often associated with unethical working approaches. Thus, managing authorities are responsible for regular communication with these mid level managers and evaluate their performance and guiding styles so that problems in their approach can be evaluated and diminished Crossan et al. (2013).Moreover, managing authorities or leaders of an organization have to consider four aspects for taking effective decision making. These managers have to judge between ethical and legal situation, ethical but illegal situation, unethical but legal situations, unethical and illegal situation (Phipps 2012). Image 1: Situational Ethical Dilemmas in Contemporary Organization (Source: Phipps 2012) Hartman et al. (2014) mentioned that the traits of ethical consideration in an individual came from their environment in which they belong but on the other hand, Craft (2013) argue by depicting that with proper training and evidences of ethical procedure, sense of ethics can be developed. These training allow a person to get aware about the business areas of anti-bribery and corruption, data protection, economic sanctions, anti-money laundering, market misconduct, fraud and collusion. However, Johnson (2013) expostulate the above perception by stating that leader may gain knowledge on ethical business decision but traits of treating everyone equally and ethically cannot be taught by training. Taken for instance, in context of an organization named Enron, two leaders Enron's Jeff Skilling and Kenneth Lay were found guilty for the bankruptcy of the entire organization. The major reasons for the insolvency of the company are due to accounting frauds, inappropriate corporate culture, imp roper trade practices and especially the unethical business approaches (BBC News 2002). In the accounting frauds, actual revenues were shown more by couple of billion than the actual balance sheet (BBC News 2002). Even the partnerships formulated in their annual report are unreal and are done for hide huge debt and heavy losses in their utility trading business (BBC News 2002). On the other hand, one of the most effective and ethical leaders in todays contemporary world is Tony HseihofZappos.com, who follows the ethics of equality in their workplace.He uses the same cubicle as other employees. The major thing that this leader follows is making their employees happy and develops an informal business culture within the workplace (Kopelman et al. 2012). The ethical consideration that Tony Hseihmaintains is to celebrate each persons individuality apart from their working capabilities and competencies by following all the organizational and governing legislations regarding the online business. Zappos.com utilizes the concept of recycling and reusing things for their packaging materials as a part of their going green initiatives. This leader also encourages their employee to take noble steps to helping people in the community. In addition to that, in recent times, the example of unethical proceedings example can be illustrated from Donald Trumps leadership style. The concerned leader of the United States not only generates an immigration ban on the entry of Muslims in their nation but also accept emoluments from many foreign ministers against the legislation of Article I, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution (D'Antonio 2015). These activities are the evidence regarding the corruption of the President's loyalty to the U.S. It is also apparent that followers follow the leaders approaches and hence a leader has to be ethical regarding their business activities. In this case, banning some facilities for some individuals based on their cultural differences is not legal as well as ethical. Donald Trump follows authoritative leadership styles and considered his principles are right and everyone must adhere to his principles; whereas leaders in contemporary world should follow situational leadership styles (Sung 2014). Thus, a leader take decision depending on the demand of the situation by following basic ethics like not harming any subordinates and all the legislation governing their business procedures. In contemporary organizations there are some ethical dilemmas that a leader has to consider- accomplishing organizational values and objectives, maintaining individuals emotion and diminishing internal conflicts (Eisenbeiss 2012). Bello (2012) furthermore highlight that contemporary managing authorities also emphasizes on the corporate social responsibility as a part of ethical business procedure. Phipps (2012) argues that organization consider this fact in order to attain competitive advantage compared to other organization whereas in reality there are very less organization that follows an ethical procedure. Craft (2013) highlighted that maintain trust, integrity, effective interpersonal relation and transparency are the key elements of ethical decision making approach. Mangers in recent times make their subordinates understand the rules and principles for right and wrong conduct so that their business growth can be ensured. Jackson et al. (2013) also explains that an effective lea der encourages their subordinates for assessing three major points- act of an individual, procedure for structuring of an organization and approaches for structuring the society. These attitudes among the leaders can be developed through models like- utilitarian model, moral right model and justice model (Hassan et al. 2013). In utilitarian model, the managers emphasizes on making ethical decisions for a happy employees and outcome of a business procedure; whereas in moral right model, leader protects and respects individual liberties and privileges. Lastly, there are some managing authorities in recent times, which impose and enforce rules impartially and fairly for effective business procedures. Thus, leadership plays a crucial role in making employees understand the benefits of following best and ethical approach within their workplace. These leaders focus on formulating a code of ethics in order to overcome the dilemmas in decision-making. Kligyte et al. (2013) also mentioned th at these leaders communicate those codes of ethics regularly with their subordinates regarding its implementation in their decision. In addition to that, these ethical leaders punish an employee for breaching these codes of ethics so they can be an ideal example for everyone. Taken for instance, other ethical consideration that should be followed by the leader is the concept of equal pay and abolishing discrimination within the workplace. Thus, if an employee is witnessed to harass other employees based on their gender, race, ethnicity, culture and traditional differences, the leader of the organization must take appropriate steps for overcoming the conflicting situation. Kuntz et al. (2013) also stated that these leaders should punish the employee according to both the organizational and legal legislation so that victims can get proper justice. In Singapore, there are legal working principles for adopting fair employment practices like recruitment based on merits, fair and respectful behaviors with colleagues, provision of equal opportunity, training and development along with the opportunities, rewarding eligibl e employees and abiding Tripartite Guidelines on Fair Employment Practices and all the labor laws based on The Employment Act (Cap. 91) (Fair employment practices 2017). Resick et al. (2013) compared these legislation with that of the Australia that the latter country have legislation on every ethical right of the organization in every aspects like Fair Work Act 2009, Sex Discrimination Act, Racial Discrimination Act and Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999 (Cth) (Fairwork.gov.au 2017). These separate legislation also denotes that Australian leader considered the ethics of their residing people effectively in all possible direction so that they can get proper justice. In addition to that every organizational leader also abides these rules for treating their employee fairly. Morales-Snchez and Cabello-Medina (2013) on the other hand analyses that managers must provide a good role model by being honest and ethical all the times, maintain transparency not only in terms of business regulations but also in their communication, celebrating failure by admitting the faults and shows ways for overcoming those failures, develops ethical symbols, stories and slogans for sharing ethical values in the workplace, motivate people for proceeding ethical approaches and lastly protecting people, who raise unethical issues in public but make them understand with proper example regarding the consequence of those unethical approaches and highlights the positive impact of the alternative ethical procedures. All these aspects make the subordinates realize that their leaders are effective and they should adhere their ways to attain success in the future. Resick et al. (2013) highlight that following these procedures allows an organization to get success in their business terms and maintaining good brand recognition in the community. It is also evident that subordinate employees can sense of satisfaction and happiness by working in an ethical environment and this allows them to adopt ethical motive for their decision making ability. In this way, it can be said that a leader plays a very crucial role not only for taking ethical decision making themselves but also guide other to take ethical decisions. Ford and Richardson (2013) on the other hand summarize the effective procedure for the role of the leader in decision making that is ethical and effective. Image 2: Process for Ethical Decision Making Adopted by Leaders (Source: Created by Author) These leaders follow the first step of recognizing the need for taking a decision based on a situation. The second step that they emphasize is the framing of the problem on which decision have to be taken; while the third step is to generate and assess alternative decisions that is appropriate for the considered situation (Yidong and Xinxin 2013). The fourth step is choosing the best suitable and ethical decision among the all listed alternatives and then implements the decision, which is the fifth step. The sixth and the final step are to evaluate the outcome of the decision by taking feedback from the employees. In this way, not only the managerial decision is considered but the employees also get a chance to participate in the decision making procedure, which on the other hand signifies the ethics of equality among the members of the organization (Shin 2012). Conclusion Thus, from the discussion it can be concluded that leadership plays an essential role to the development of ethical decision making in modern organizations. The primary reason behind this is followers adopt the procedure followed by their leaders and hence the leaders have to take every decision ethically. It is also concluded that this ethics can be measured in terms of following legal obligations and organizational regulations. Providing equal chances to every subordinate based on skills and competencies and not on favoritism and guide the employees to follow such actions ensures the business growth. Thus, these aspects can only be fulfilled if the leader of the organization makes ethical decision making. References: BBC News | Business | Enron scandal at-a-glance., 2002. [online] News.bbc.co.uk. Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1780075.stm [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Bello, S.M., 2012. Impact of ethical leadership on employee job performance.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(11). Cianci, A.M., Hannah, S.T., Roberts, R.P. and Tsakumis, G.T., 2014. The effects of authentic leadership on followers' ethical decision-making in the face of temptation: An experimental study.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), pp.581-594. Craft, J.L., 2013. A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), pp.221-259. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. and Seijts, G., 2013. In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), pp.567-581. D'Antonio, M., 2015.Never Enough: Donald Trump and the Pursuit of Success. Macmillan. Eisenbeiss, S.A., 2012. Re-thinking ethical leadership: An interdisciplinary integrative approach.The Leadership Quarterly,23(5), pp.791-808. Fair employment practices., 2017. [online] Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/good-work-practices/fair-employment-practices [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Fairwork.gov.au., 2017, Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Fair Work Ombudsman. Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R., MacDonald, C. and Hartman, L.P., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hassan, S., Mahsud, R., Yukl, G. and Prussia, G.E., 2013. Ethical and empowering leadership and leader effectiveness.Journal of Managerial Psychology,28(2), pp.133-146. Jackson, R.W., Wood, C.M. and Zboja, J.J., 2013. The dissolution of ethical decision-making in organizations: A comprehensive review and model.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.233-250. Johnson, C.E., 2013.Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Kligyte, V., Connelly, S., Thiel, C. and Devenport, L., 2013. The influence of anger, fear, and emotion regulation on ethical decision making.Human Performance,26(4), pp.297-326. Kopelman, R.E., Chiou, A.Y., Lipani, L.J. and Zhu, Z., 2012. Interpreting the success of Zappos. com, Four Seasons, and Nordstrom: Customer centricity is but one?third of the job.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,31(5), pp.20-35. Kuntz, J.R.C., Kuntz, J.R., Elenkov, D. and Nabirukhina, A., 2013. Characterizing ethical cases: A cross-cultural investigation of individual differences, organisational climate, and leadership on ethical decision-making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(2), pp.317-331. Morales-Snchez, R. and Cabello-Medina, C., 2013. The role of four universal moral competencies in ethical decision-making.Journal of Business Ethics,116(4), pp.717-734. Phipps, K.A., 2012. Spirituality and strategic leadership: The influence of spiritual beliefs on strategic decision making.Journal of business ethics,106(2), pp.177-189. Resick, C.J., Hargis, M.B., Shao, P. and Dust, S.B., 2013. Ethical leadership, moral equity judgments, and discretionary workplace behavior.Human Relations,66(7), pp.951-972. Shin, Y., 2012. CEO ethical leadership, ethical climate, climate strength, and collective organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,108(3), pp.299-312. Sung, C.C.M., 2014. Media representations of gender and leadership: From a discourse perspective.Brno studies in English,39(1). Thiel, C.E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J.F. and Mumford, M.D., 2012. Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.49-64. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455.